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The Dopamine Trap: Why Depression Makes Even Fun Things Feel Like a Chore

The Strange Effect of Depression on Enjoyment

Imagine this: You finally have some free time. You sit down to play a game, read a book, or pick up an old hobby—but something feels wrong. The excitement you once felt is gone. The activity that used to bring you joy now feels exhausting, almost like a chore. Instead of looking forward to it, you procrastinate, feeling guilty that you “should” be enjoying it.

If this sounds familiar, you’re not alone. One of the most frustrating aspects of depression is that it robs you of motivation and pleasure, even for things you used to love. This phenomenon isn’t just about mood; it’s rooted in neuroscience, particularly in how dopamine, the brain’s motivation and reward chemical, functions.

This article explores why depression makes fun things feel like work, how dopamine plays a role, and what you can do to break the cycle—with the help of evidence-based strategies from Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), and neuroscience-backed techniques.

Why Hobbies Stop Feeling Rewarding: The Role of Dopamine Dysregulation

To understand why hobbies stop feeling enjoyable, we first need to look at how dopamine works and what happens when it becomes dysregulated.

Dopamine: More Than Just a “Feel-Good” Chemical

Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that regulates motivation, anticipation, and effort—not just pleasure itself. It helps your brain determine what is worth doing and provides the drive to pursue rewarding activities.

  • In a healthy brain, dopamine is released in response to an anticipated reward, reinforcing behaviors that lead to pleasure or fulfillment.
  • In depression, however, this system doesn’t function properly. Rewards don’t trigger the expected dopamine response, making even enjoyable activities feel unrewarding or exhausting.

How Dopamine Function Becomes Disrupted

Dopamine dysregulation in depression happens due to a combination of biological, psychological, and environmental factors:

  1. Chronic Stress and Cortisol Overload
    • When the brain is under prolonged stress, cortisol (the stress hormone) increases.
    • Excessive cortisol interferes with dopamine production and signaling, making it harder for the brain to recognize rewards.
    • Studies have shown that high cortisol levels blunt dopamine transmission, contributing to anhedonia (Pizzagalli, 2014).
  2. Reduced Dopamine Receptor Sensitivity
    • Over time, if dopamine is not used efficiently, the brain reduces the sensitivity of dopamine receptors.
    • This means that even when you engage in an activity that should be rewarding, the brain fails to process the pleasure properly.
  3. Lack of Novelty and Dopamine Burnout
    • The dopamine system thrives on variety and challenge. When life becomes repetitive or monotonous, dopamine activity naturally declines.
    • If a person is stuck in the same routine with little variation, they stop associating hobbies with excitement, making them feel more like obligations.
  4. Inflammation and Neural Fatigue
    • Research suggests that inflammation in the brain can lower dopamine levels and contribute to depression-related fatigue (Felger & Lotrich, 2013).
    • This can make even small tasks feel overwhelming, as the brain doesn’t generate enough energy to initiate effort.
  5. Avoidance Behavior and Dopamine Deprivation
    • Depression often causes avoidance behaviors—people stop doing things because they expect them to be exhausting or unfulfilling.
    • But avoidance itself deprives the brain of dopamine, reinforcing the cycle of low motivation and anhedonia.

In short, dopamine dysfunction in depression isn’t just a lack of pleasure—it’s a system-wide failure of motivation, anticipation, and effort regulation.

The Difference Between Wanting vs. Enjoying an Activity

One of the biggest mental traps in depression is the belief that not wanting to do something means you don’t actually enjoy it. This false belief can lead to unnecessary self-doubt and reinforce avoidance behaviors.

“I Don’t Want To” vs. “I Don’t Enjoy It”

  • Depression makes it hard to start activities, but that doesn’t necessarily mean the activity itself has lost all meaning or value.
  • Some people still enjoy things once they start, but the initial activation energy required to begin feels too high.
  • Others experience “numb pleasure”—going through the motions of an activity but feeling disconnected from it.

Why This Belief Develops in Depression

This mental distortion happens because depression disrupts the way the brain anticipates rewards. Instead of expecting something to feel good, the brain expects it to be effortful or empty, making motivation harder to access.

🔹 Key study: Research shows that depressed individuals tend to underestimate future enjoyment, even when they later report having liked the activity once they started (Dunn et al., 2011).

CBT Insight: The “Emotional Reasoning” Trap

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) identifies this thinking pattern as “emotional reasoning”—the belief that because you don’t feel like doing something, it must not be worth doing (Beck, 1979).

The truth? Motivation often follows action, not the other way around.

CBT practitioners emphasize that small actions can create momentum, even if motivation is low at first. This is why behavioral activation—starting with small, manageable activities—is a core part of depression treatment (Dimidjian et al., 2006).

How to Reignite Interest in Hobbies (Without Forcing Fun)

The key to rebuilding motivation isn’t about waiting for inspiration to strike—it’s about using small, intentional actions to reignite engagement.

1. The 5-Minute Rule: Trick Your Brain Into Starting (CBT – Behavioral Activation)

One of the biggest hurdles in depression is getting started. The 5-Minute Rule helps bypass this resistance:

👉 Tell yourself, “I’ll do this for just five minutes.”

Why it works:

  • It removes pressure—five minutes feels manageable.
  • Once you start, you often keep going.
  • Even if you stop after five minutes, you’ve still disrupted avoidance behavior (a key CBT principle).

🔹 Example Behavioral Activation Activities Using the 5-Minute Rule:
Draw a single line on paper. If you feel like continuing, do so. If not, you still did something.
Put on workout clothes. You don’t have to exercise—just wear them for five minutes.
Read one paragraph. If you want to stop, stop—but more often than not, you’ll keep reading.

2. Micro-Rewards: Hacking Dopamine with Small Wins

When depression reduces the brain’s ability to anticipate pleasure, introducing small, tangible rewards can help rebuild dopamine associations.

💡 Ways to introduce micro-rewards:
Checklists (crossing things off provides a dopamine boost).
Listening to music while engaging in activities.
Gamifying tasks (using apps like Habitica to turn chores into a game).

3. Curiosity Over Fun: Lowering the Expectation (DBT – Radical Acceptance)

If nothing feels fun, shift your focus from “enjoyment” to curiosity.

👉 Instead of asking, “Do I feel like doing this?”, try: “What if I just explore it?”

📌 Low-pressure ideas:

  • Watch a random documentary.
  • Learn a single new fact.
  • Doodle without the pressure of creating something “good.”

🔹 DBT encourages radical acceptance—the idea that you don’t have to like your current situation to engage with it. This can help reduce the pressure of trying to “force” enjoyment (Linehan, 1993).

4. Change the Medium: A New Way to Engage

Maybe the format is the problem, not the hobby itself.

Try a different version:

  • Books feel overwhelming? Try audiobooks.
  • Gaming feels empty? Try multiplayer or cooperative games.
  • Used to write? Try voice memos instead of full drafts.

5. Body Before Mind: Use Physical Priming (CBT + DBT – Opposite Action)

  • Physical movement increases dopamine and energy.
  • Even small actions (stretching, walking, cold exposure) can help jumpstart motivation.

🔹 Research shows that light exposure, movement, and cold stimulation can increase dopamine levels, potentially improving mood regulation (Caldwell & Wetherell, 2020).

Conclusion: Redefining “Enjoyment” During Depression

Depression makes motivation difficult, but not impossible. The feeling that hobbies are meaningless or exhausting is not a permanent state—it’s a reflection of how depression affects the brain’s ability to anticipate and experience rewards. This means that even if an activity doesn’t feel enjoyable right now, that doesn’t mean it’s lost its value forever.

The most important thing to remember is that you don’t have to wait to feel motivated before you take action. In fact, waiting for motivation often reinforces the cycle of avoidance. Taking small, intentional steps—without pressure—helps signal to the brain that engagement is still possible.

How to Approach Recovery: Small, Intentional Shifts

  • Start small. Even the smallest action—reading a sentence, pressing play on a song, stepping outside for one minute—can help break the cycle of avoidance and retrain the brain to associate activities with engagement rather than exhaustion.
  • Focus on curiosity over pressure. Instead of trying to “force” enjoyment, allow yourself to explore, experiment, and experience things without expectation. Sometimes, curiosity itself is enough to create momentum.
  • Remember that action precedes motivation. Depression tells you that you should wait to “feel” like doing something before acting. But in reality, taking action—even in small ways—creates the conditions for motivation to follow.

Progress Is Not Linear—And That’s Okay

Rebuilding motivation is not about pushing yourself to feel joy immediately. It’s about creating opportunities for engagement—even if that engagement feels different from before. Some days, you might find enjoyment, while other days, everything may still feel numb. Both experiences are part of recovery.

If an activity feels unbearable, try a smaller version of it. If it still doesn’t feel rewarding, that’s okay too. The goal is not perfection—the goal is persistence.

The Science of Hope: Dopamine Pathways Can Recover

One of the most encouraging findings in neuroscience is that dopamine pathways can regenerate. Research suggests that with time, engagement, and small behavioral changes, the brain can restore its ability to anticipate and experience pleasure (Heller et al., 2009). This means that the feeling of enjoyment can return—even if it feels out of reach right now.

Final Takeaway

Depression may make hobbies feel meaningless, but that doesn’t mean they are. You are not broken, and your capacity for joy is not lost—it is just temporarily inaccessible. By taking small steps, embracing curiosity, and shifting focus from pressure to exploration, you can gradually rebuild your connection to the things that once brought you happiness.

Until then, remember: even small steps forward are still steps forward.

Looking at persons as individuals and not as members of a group

DECISION 9: I WILL IMPROVE MY SKILLS IN DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN REAL AND IMAGINARY ENEMIES.

To distinguish real from imaginary you want to look at persons as individuals and not as a member of a group. To understand that one person’s point of view seriously, even though that point of view might not be your own.
Maybe you thought a person was an enemy, who was not an enemy – then you have to go through a process of reconciliation.

You have a skill – You know how to give – but not to receive.


TOMORROW: DECISION 10.
I WILL LEARN HOW TO RECEIVE GENEROUSLY.

SAVOR LIFE

“if (I had my life to live over I would like to make more mistakes next time. I’d relax. I would limber up. I would be sillier than I have been on this trip. I would take fewer things seriously. I would take more chances.. I would climb more mountains and swim more rivers. I would eat more ice cream and fewer beans. I would perhaps have more actual troubles, but I’d have fewer imaginary ones.

“You see, I’m one of these people who live sensibly and sanely, hour after hour, day after day.. Oh, I’ve had my moments, and if I had it all to do again, I’d have more of them. In fact, I’d try to have nothing else but moments, one after another. Instead of living so many years ahead of each day. I’ve been one of those person who never goes anywhere without a thermometer, a hot water bottle and a parachute. If I had it to do again, I would travel lighter than I have.

“If I had my life to live again, I would start barefoot earlier in the Spring and stay that way later in the Fall. I would go to more dances. I would ride more merry-go-rounds. I would pick more daisies.”
By Nadine Strain
[Nadine wrote this at age 85.

When will it end?

How often did I ask that question of myself. And the only answer that I could give was "I don't know." That was never a very heartening response. In fact it just made matters worse. I don't know about  you,  but I sure  didn't have a clue about my own situation. Why couldn't someone tell me, like when you get the flu or a cold, "How long will it take to get well." Not even a Doctor.  Nobody could tell me. All I ever heard was their  opinion that if you do this or do that treatment  you should start feeling better. If not, then  something else would be recommended. Most of the time it was  usually those who do this or that  treatment they should l be feeling better in a couple of weeks.

What I was hearing was that it really depended on many different factors. One size (diagnosis) doesn't fit everyone. Everyone's depression is unique to that individual who is depressed. All depression experiences even though unique still have characteristics which are common to all.

In my case, I knew nothing about depression and in fact didn't have a clue that what I was living through was actually the various symptoms of depression. All I knew was that I needed to do something with the hope that doing something was better than doing nothing. After all I was unable to get myself out of bed. After my 8 hours at work, I came home and went to bed--waking up during the night, tossing and turning in my bed. That became my daily routine. I isolated myself. I never felt wanting to call my parents or my friends. I was locked down in despair.

My day eventually began with an hour of walking. I felt like Forrest Gump who didn't know where he was going but he knew he wanted to walk. I did know that maybe I could shake off whatever was locking me down, physically, emotionally thinking all the while that I was hopeless and helpless.
Then it happened. Suddenly, my mind's mental fog evaporated and I could feel a lightness, unlike the feeling of a heavy weight bearing down on my mind, causing a continued fatigue and sadness. Immediately I felt different. Wow! This is the way I felt all the time before my sadness overwhelmed my life., I momentarily became energized and continued my walk. What happened next was predictable. The first thought that came to mind was "it isn't going to last." And yes, it doesn't last, but then the next day and in the next few days my mind completely returned to its former clarity and upbeat hopefulness that "it was all 'gonna' be alright."

Was my new feeling due because I was walking everyday for over a year, that I continued going to work, or talking to my Depressed Anonymous group on a weekly basis the reason for the change? I would say Yes, that had much to do with my life getting back on track.
The fatigue disappeared, the negative thinking disappeared, and I now was on a new playing field. I now had the tools with which to strengthen myself against negative attacks from my mind and body, I started to exercise on a regular basis, talked to people in the program of recovery, got a sponsor, read the Depressed Anonymous literature, ate healthy foods and went to regular DA meetings.

The end of your own depression will end, once you begin to tackle those fears and anxieties that once locked you down into isolation and immobilization. It might not happen today but there is a strong possibility that it can and will happen. It happened for me.

RESOURCE:

(c) Depressed Anonymous, 3rd edition(2011) Depressed Anonymous Publications. Louisville KY. (Personal Stories section relate how others found hope and a plan for leaving behind their depression.)


                ————————–









This is it!

How often must I learn not to get caught up in the mania of having thoughts  and feelings and flights of grandiosity as I flee  from the depths of my sadness. I will not run from my sadness, but instead, I will focus on the fact that I have to stake out my claim and say, this is it — I am going to get well starting today – right now.  When I am manic I am panicky  and very jittery, but when I am depressed or feel myself slippimg down into the abyss of darkness I run as fast  as I can until I no longer can stop my racing thoughts, nor find an end to the obsession of wanting complete perfection in everything that I do.

What this means is that I am going to believe that I am about to be released from a terminal illness. My sadness has dogged me throughout my life. I no longer am willing to give in  to it, this Black Dog  of sadness once labeled as “melancholia.”  I have tried all the pills to rid myself from the angst  of my soul until there were no more pills, no more solutions and no more avenues of escape. I could escape the pain from time to time, but not a lifetime of hurtful human experiences.

MEDITATION

God, you call each of us by name. Give us the power to name anything that is blocking us from growing in the wisdom of your will for us  today. Lead us home to your peace.  (Add your own personal thoughts here.)

RESOURCES:

(c) Higher thoughts for down days: 365 daily thoughts and meditations for members of 12 Step Fellowship groups. Depressed Anonymous Publications. Louisville, KY. November 20th.

(c) Depressed Anonymous, 3rd edition (2011) Depressed Anonymous Publications. Louisville, KY.

Go to the Depressed Anonymous Publications Bookstore to order online.

Help is on the way!

Many times it is difficult for persons interested in attending a face to face Depressed Anonymous meeting in their community, sadly discovering  that there are no DA meetings available.

Our Fellowship has developed tools to help  those who have no support groups to utilize our Home Study Kit of Recovery. The Home Study Kit includes a Depressed Anonymous Workbook and the Depressed Anonymous Group Manual( 3rd edition).  Both books used together provide information about depression plus personal enrichment.

You will find that the Depressed Anonymous Workbook, with questions pertaining to each  of the chapters in the Manual   are coordinated by page and paragraph with the Manual.

Our approach to depression is based on the 12  spiritual principles of Recovery. Your answers to the questions are your own and gradually move you one step after another until all the 12 Step are personally assimilated and examined based on  your own life experiences. The whole Home Study process will let you go at your own speed so that you have an in depth awareness of how depression can by overcome by learning  how you got to where you are today.  Following this learning experience you will  gradually acquire  tools for facing  and overcoming  those areas of your life which     previous to the study, had you imprisoned in pain plus  isolated from others. In fact, after moving through all the Steps and learning how depression has negatively affected your life – you will gradually have   tools to dismantle those various thoughts, behaviors which have kept you immobilized.

For every person who uses the Home Study a sponsor will be available to you (just like in any 12 step program) as a mentor, per your choice, and walk with you through this recovery process. If you choose to take this healing path and make a decision to do so, you will find that you not only are feeling better but that life has meaning for you once again. You are hopeful!

An example from  The DA Workbook on Page 83, Question 11.18 states that:

“We conclude that since our depression and sad thoughts are getting progressively worse  over the course of time, we then have to admit that our feelings are out of control and we need help.” (M116). And it is here that the question prompts a solution from the same person. Here is her solution and one that you could use as well.

M116 refers to the Depressed Anonymous Manual where we find  the personal story of Frances who shares with us that “I just hope that I will always be able to attend Depressed Anonymous meetings regularly and wish more people had the opportunity to do the same. Depressed Anonymous has helped me so much. I cannot begin to explain sufficiently the support the meetings can give one who is depressed. Depressed Anonymous has been and is my salvation. I know the Twelve Steps program is the only way to go to get one on the right track and it takes the meetings to keep you there.  They are also  a “Godsend” for me and I know for a lot of others who are depressed.” Page 116.

Finally, if there are no meetings in your community  this process of using the Home Study Recovery program will provide so much for you that it will enable you   to lead a support group in your home community now that you have worked all of the Steps – and that with the support of a sponsor.

Resources:

(c) Depressed Anonymous, 3rd edition (2011) Depressed Anonymous Publications . Louisville. Ky.

(c) The Depressed Anonymous Workbook (2002) Depressed Anonymous Publications. Louisville. KY.

Both books that make up the HOME STUDY KIT can be ordered online from the Depressed Anonymous Publications Bookstore. These two books are also in eBooks format  and are available for ordering online.

You can get started today.

Me: I don’t like the way that I talk to myself. Recovery person: Then change it!

Made a searching and   fearless moral inventory of ourselves . (Step Four).  When I speak of the 4th Step of Depressed Anonymous this means that we are now ready to make a moral and fearless inventory of our lives. It also means that we are ready for action and choose to change the way we live out our daily life. Fearless means brave and courageous.

By now, most of us are aware that because of our depression our lives are unmanageable and out of control.  They are  out of control to such an extent that we may have even thought about ending our lives.

We have admitted that there is a power out there that is greater than ourselves. We are willing to turn our minds and our wills over to the care of God as we understand God.

If we just take a little time and look at the way we talk to ourselves we may discover the reason for our depression. So often we turn  and run when the old feelings of sadness appear in front of us. What we want to try and do now is to look the beast in the face and deal with it.  Accept it. Don’t run from it.  

Just let’s say that you always took path A home from work everyday. You passed the same old signs, the same old building, the same old malls  -you feel you could almost drive home with your eyes closed. This is of course boring and also deadening to our thinking processes as we do everything out of habit. The saying is true that we are creatures of habit. But let’s say that there is a detour along our old familiar path – we become disoriented – we become confused -we say to ourselves -where am I? Now where do I go? Good questions.

Since we may presently be depressed and   in that dark deep pit of depression we may decide that we don’t have anything to gain by reading on at this point in our discussion. But I know and you know that you want out of the darkness. Many depressions lift by themselves but many don’t. Because of the way we were brought up as children many of the negative ways we think about ourselves have been with us since childhood. Old ideas about ourselves die hard and so do old impressions from the early days of our lives.

Our personal attachment to feeling isolated, alone and worthless is like a road from which can’t exist. Our attachment to our sadness is a comfort in a strange sort of way – almost like a person who is addicted or attached to a chemical, behavior, way of thinking or even to a person.

But as we have figured out,  even though my path home is very predictable it is  still a path that is   making my ability to keep a focus on my hopeful outcome almost impossible.

Working the 4th  Step is like coming home a different route. It is a path that is filled with signposts that point us in a different direction from where we are used to going.  And for many of us this is the first time that we are really intent upon taking  a hard look at who we are. This taking inventory of  ourselves has much to do with our loving ourselves and making ourselves open to a new path and feeling different.

To actually get started on working a good Fourth Step we need first of all to sit down, get a pencil or pen and begin to ask ourselves some questions. As soon as the answers come we then write these down and begin our inventory. It’s always best to look at ourselves through the black and white characters that translate our thoughts and feelings down on paper. Remember the inventory is about strengths as well a our character defects. Character defects are ways of thinking, feeling and behaving that keep us isolated and in pain.  

NOTE:  The inventory is not to make us feel bad but to help us understand what is keeping us in the pit of sadness.

For more information on how to discover insights of  our depression  and how we got to where we are today, namely depressed, THE DEPRESSED ANONYMOUS WORKBOOK will be your tool for coming home a new way. 

To order this Workbook click onto VISIT THE STORE at homepage menu depressedanon.com and this will take you to The Depressed Anonymous Publications Bookstore.  All Depressed Anonymous literature can be ordered online.

     Copyright(c) The Depressed Anonymous Workbook (2002) . Depressed Anonymous Publications. Louisville. KY.     

Is depression contagious?

This week we are going to take the reader, you, back to some previous issues from our Depressed Anonymous  blog.

This article, Is depression contagious, was first published on December 3rd, 2018. (You can scroll back through the Blogs and find it at this date.)

I am asked this same question many times and many times the questioner is surprised when I say that, yes, depression can be contagious.  If you are asking the same question,   discovering that you are   feeling helpless as you try  to pull a friend or family member out of the quicksand of depression without  success. Nothing that you try works!

When all your best efforts and   desire to be  free   from the dark valley of hopelessness fail, you gradually begin to pull away from the relationship. Now,  feeling   sucked into the whirlpool of  the melancholia yourself , you begin to withdraw and head for the higher ground of safety.

So, please look at the article (12/3/18) and see if there is something there which may be of help to you on how to be present to someone  depressed–without yourself getting depressed.   There ARE ways to help.

 

The paradox of our time…

The more we are able to communicate with each other, it seems the more isolated we have become from each other. The number of people depressed is of epidemic proportions. How can this be, we ask. There are many of us who are connected via the Internet, email, and online  social media groups, with all the other sophisticated forms of communication.

This brings me to the point of this essay, that if the world needs anything, it needs a world  where people can get connected, network, form real communities, where people know us and truly care about us. We all want a real live community of face to face community where we can share, we can cry and we can laugh and where we can actually touch one another.  Even though these modern ways of communicating are tremendous helps in moving past our isolation and into the real world they cannot end there.

A prisoner once mentioned in group how he considered depression not as a chemical imbalance but more of a living balance

“Our willingness to hand over to  other  people and organizations the responsibility which is ours (just as the color of our eyes is ours) stems from our  inchoate desire to sink into the mindless bliss of  being totally cared for, totally supported, our original wanting and getting everything.  We do not want to accept that just as our eyes are organized to see only part of the spectrum of light and no others, so our  sense of time is ordered to perceive time only as progressing never as standing still or going backwards. No matter how great our longing, we cannot return to the womb of the Garden of Eden. ” Wanting Everything. Dorothy Rowe. (1994) Harper Collins, London.

One of the major dilemma’s most of us face when depressed is the immobilizing isolation that is ours while being intellectually  aware  that we need to move our bodies and get out of bed and face our world.  

In Chapter Six of I’ll do it when I feel better,  the author describes how the addictive nature of the depression experience keeps us spiraled down into that chasm of negativity and hopelessness.  Basically we begin to think there is no way out.

    “It’s our addictive thinking, our compulsive way of processing negative information, which means that we habitually  store the negative and   dump the positive influx of information and that gets us  wanting to fall back into the old habit of staying isolated and avoiding others. We might fool ourselves and say that people have nothing to offer me so that I distance myself from everyone. Part of my nature when  depressed is to avoid and distance myself from whatever I feel is threatening, like a child afraid of the dark.” (Believing is seeing. Hugh Smith. (2018) Depressed Anonymous Publications. Louisville, Pg. 23.)

At one time in my life I  was a part of this epidemic of depression. In order to counteract my isolation and   continuing a free fall into hopelessness, I moved my body, got out of bed and started walking–day after day.  My daily morning mantra was “I am going to beat this thing!” Was it a cake walk–no way! But if I was to survive from whatever had me by the throat I had no choice. That was yesterday – this is today. Today is all that I have and I intend to help others move their bodies, go to a meeting, learn about the spiritual principles of the 12 Steps and get busy putting them into practice in their everyday lives.

For more information about this program of recovery and the tools that are available for you, and your own recovery  click onto our website www.depressedanon.com. You will find a wealth of information  about depression and the choices that you will have  to choose a life lived with hope and  peace. That is a promise.

RESOURCES

(C) I’ll do it when I feel better. Smith, H. (2016) Depressed Anonymous Publications. Louisville. KY.

(c) Seeing is believing. Smith. H. (2018) Depressed Anonymous Publications. Louisville. Ky.